The 600 was launched in 1964 as Mercedes-Benz’s flagship model. Offered as a short-wheelbase sedan, a Pullman limousine (named after the Pullman Company, which built luxurious train cars in the early 20th century), or a partially open-top Pullman Landaulet, it was highly sophisticated and priced to match; its primary clientele consisted of royalty, diplomats, and dignitaries. The car had many state-of-the-art features not seen in lesser Mercedes-Benz models, including adjustable air suspension, power brakes, a central lock system, an electronic heating and cooling system, and a closed-loop hydraulic system that allowed the owner to control the windows, seats, sunroof, trunk lid, cooling vents, air conditioning, and doors using convenient push buttons.

Despite its amenities, the 600 developed a reputation for being overengineered and costly to maintain. By the time production ended in 1981, only 2,677 cars had been built, including a mere 59 Pullman Landaulet models.