Introduced in the fall of 1931, the 170 was the first medium-priced vehicle offered by Mercedes-Benz and is credited with saving the brand from bankruptcy during the Great Depression. Though it cost five times less than the average 1920s passenger car, the 170 was remarkably advanced. It was the first Mercedes-Benz model with front and rear independent suspension and four-wheel hydraulic brakes, both features that would be included on the brand’s later luxury cars.

The 170 V was the first Mercedes-Benz passenger car built for series production following the destruction of most of the company’s facilities during World War II. Until the company introduced the 300 model in 1951, it was the only postwar Mercedes-Benz model offered to customers. Mercedes-Benz used the revenue from sales to rebuild its facilities and fund the development of its first new postwar vehicle designs. The 170 S variant was built on a modified chassis derived from the earlier 170 V. A larger engine and more luxurious amenities distinguished the S from its predecessor.